Watch Legendary Investor Charlie Munger's Final Interview With CNBC

章节 1：心智模型与跨学科智慧

📝 本节摘要：

本章回顾查理·芒格的成长经历、求知方式与思想来源。他谈到自己如何通过跨学科学习建立心智模型，批判性地审视老师和权威，并从法律、经济学及优秀导师朗·富勒那里理解不同知识体系之间的联系。

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: Charlie Munger may be best known as Berkshire Hathaway's vice chairman, Warren Buffett's best friend, confidant, and business partner for six and a half decades, but Munger was also a giant in his own right, a scold of corporate excess and greed who preached to a large flock of devout followers about how to get along in investing and in life. A Renaissance man, Munger modeled himself after none other than Benjamin Franklin. He studied mathematics, physics, meteorology, and engineering, all before attending Harvard Law School. He trained himself in subjects as diverse as psychology and architecture. Munger passed away at the age of 99, just one month shy of his 100th birthday and two weeks after our last interview with him. Tonight, we bring you a look back at the wit and wisdom of Charlie Munger.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 查理·芒格最为人熟知的身份，或许是伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的副董事长，也是沃伦·巴菲特长达六十五年的挚友、知己和商业伙伴。但芒格本身也是一位巨人。他严厉批评企业过度扩张和贪婪，并向大批虔诚信徒传授如何在投资和人生中与人相处。作为一位文艺复兴式博学家，芒格以本杰明·富兰克林为榜样。他在进入哈佛法学院之前，就学习了数学、物理学、气象学和工程学。他还自学了心理学、建筑学等截然不同的学科。芒格享年99岁，距离百岁生日仅差一个月；而就在我们上次采访他两周后，他离开了人世。今晚，让我们一起回顾查理·芒格的机智与智慧。

[原文] [Becky Quick]: Hey Charlie, first of all, I just want to thank you for inviting us to your home today and for hosting us here. We appreciate it.

[译文] [Becky Quick]: 查理，首先非常感谢你今天邀请我们到家里来，还亲自接待我们。我们对此非常感激。

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: Well, I hope it'll be interesting. Certainly, a peculiar example of one life.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 我希望这会是一次有趣的访谈。我的一生确实算是个挺特别的例子。

[原文] [Becky Quick]: It's interesting that a man who started out to be a lawyer ended up with an identity that's more like a guru's than a lawyer's. I called you a lawyer once, and I think that was the most irritated you've ever been with me, because that was how you started things. But you really have studied every field out there and tried to take things from different studies and different models in life. Did you go about doing that intentionally?

[译文] [Becky Quick]: 有意思的是，一个最初想当律师的人，最后形成的身份却更像一位大师，而不是律师。我曾经称你为律师，我觉得那是你对我最恼火的一次，因为律师只是你最初的起点。但你确实研究过几乎所有领域，也努力从不同学科和人生中的各种模型里汲取东西。你是有意这样做的吗？

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: Of course. I could see the power of it.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 当然。我看得出这样做的力量。

[原文] [Becky Quick]: When did you figure it out?

[译文] [Becky Quick]: 你是什么时候意识到这一点的？

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: Well, it came naturally to me, and I was what I would call naturally arrogant. And it wasn't that good of a mind, you know.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 这对我来说是自然而然的。我可以说，自己天生就有些自负。当然，我的头脑也没好到那种程度。

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: I was in the top 1%, but not a prodigy. So I never would have succeeded in a field that required a mind to be that of a prodigy. But it was a much better mind than ordinary people had, and I recognized that quite early. And I just played the hand I was dealt in order to get as much advantage as I could.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 我属于前1%，但不是天才。所以，如果一个领域要求拥有天才般的头脑，我是绝不可能在那里取得成功的。不过，我的头脑确实比普通人好得多，而且我很早就意识到了这一点。我只是利用自己手里拿到的牌，尽可能争取最大的优势。

[原文] [Becky Quick]: When did you recognize that? Were you a child?

[译文] [Becky Quick]: 你是什么时候意识到这一点的？那时你还是个孩子吗？

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: Very young. When I was taking courses in grade school, I was often revising the textbook and the course in my head to make it more correct, because I realized the professor was doing it wrong.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 很小的时候。我上小学课程时，经常会在脑子里修改课本和课程内容，让它们变得更准确，因为我意识到老师讲错了。

[原文] [Becky Quick]: What kind of things would you recognize that they were doing wrong?

[译文] [Becky Quick]: 你会发现他们在哪些事情上做错了？

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: They had some crazy idea. For instance, my Latin teacher was a maladjusted woman who was a devoted follower of Sigmund Freud, and I recognized that Sigmund Freud—

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 他们有一些疯狂的想法。比如，我的拉丁语老师是个适应不良的女人，还是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的狂热追随者，而我看出来西格蒙德·弗洛伊德——

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: —was a hoax when I first read him, when I was in high school. And of course, it was an odd little boy whose Latin teacher was teaching him Freud. But she was peculiar, and so was I. And of course, when I read, I bought the complete writings of Sigmund Freud from the American Library. It was one big book, and I went through it very laboriously. And I realized he was a goddamn lunatic, so I decided I wasn't going to learn that from my Latin teacher.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 我高中第一次读弗洛伊德时，就看出他不过是一场骗局。当然，一个拉丁语老师给学生讲弗洛伊德，这个小男孩确实挺古怪。但她很古怪，我也一样。后来我买了美国图书馆出版的《西格蒙德·弗洛伊德全集》，那是一本很厚的大书。我费了很大力气把它读完，发现他简直是个疯子，于是决定不从拉丁语老师那里学这些东西。

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: And that's the way it is. But that's what I went through all my life, trying to turn every teacher into my Latin teacher. Just a poor fellow—he hadn't quite learned to understand it right yet. Now, I didn't always succeed. I had some very unusual teachers. The best teacher I had in my—

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 事情就是这样。但我一辈子都在做同一件事：试图把每一位老师都变成我的拉丁语老师。只可惜，那位可怜的老师还没有真正学会正确理解这些东西。当然，我也并不总能成功。我遇到过一些非常特别的老师。我一生中遇到的最好老师是——

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: Lon Fuller. But he was the best contract teacher in any law school, and contracts is the best subject in every law school, at least I think it is, because it integrates so beautifully with the new doctrine of economics that came along with Adam Smith and all those people. And of course, I could see the integration, and so could Lon Fuller. He was a damn good contract teacher. Now, he'd been the leading contract teacher at some other law school, and that got him to Harvard by transfer, which was rare in those days.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 朗·富勒。但他是所有法学院里最出色的合同法老师，而合同法是每所法学院里最好的课程，至少我是这么认为的，因为它与亚当·斯密等人带来的新经济学理论结合得非常好。当然，我看到了这种融合，朗·富勒也看到了。他真是一位极其出色的合同法老师。他曾是另一所法学院的顶尖合同法教师，也正因为如此，他才转到了哈佛；在那个年代，这种情况非常罕见。

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: And also, I could see in the Harvard Law School something very interesting. When I went to the Harvard Law School, it was in the immediate aftermath of a long, long reign in which 15 professors handled 1,500 graduates. This is unheard of. Nobody had ever done anything like that. It just morphed—

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 此外，我在哈佛法学院还看到了非常有意思的一件事。我进入哈佛法学院时，正值一段漫长统治结束后不久：当时只有15位教授负责1500名毕业生。这简直闻所未闻，从来没有人做过类似的事。这个体系就这样逐渐演变成了——

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: —into that system. And of course, when you have a system like that, it really helps to have a few big ideas that are strewn through the system, that are useful, and some professor that sees it. And that's what Lon Fuller did. He really saw the whole damn thing. He integrated law and economics, is what he did, to some extent. And the reason he did it is, you want to know why we have these kinds of contracts that so obviously make modern civilization work. And he never explained exactly why, but I could sort of explain why myself after hearing Lon Fuller.

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 变成了那样的体系。当然，当你拥有这样一个体系时，如果其中贯穿着一些有用的大思想，并且有教授能够看见它们，确实会大有帮助。朗·富勒做的就是这件事。他真正看透了整个体系。在某种程度上，他把法律和经济学结合了起来。为什么要这样做？因为你会想知道，我们为什么会有这些显然支撑着现代文明运转的合同。他从未准确解释过其中的原因，但听完朗·富勒的课后，我大致能够自己解释了。

[原文] [Becky Quick]: Well, that's an ideal teacher. You had this idea of mental models before you got to him, though?

[译文] [Becky Quick]: 这就是理想的老师。不过，在你遇到他之前，就已经有了心智模型这个概念，对吗？

[原文] [Charlie Munger]: Yes. And it just naturally came to me. But it was very much a Lon Fuller's thing. I was just struck by law—

[译文] [Charlie Munger]: 是的，这个想法自然而然地出现在我脑中。但它在很大程度上确实来自朗·富勒。我只是被法律深深吸引了——