Educating Kids in the Age of A.I. | The Ezra Klein Show

章节 1：阅读危机与人工智能时代的教育焦虑

📝 本节摘要：

本节作为访谈的开篇，主持人 Ezra Klein 列举了令人担忧的数据：高中生为了乐趣而阅读的比例在过去几十年中发生了惊人的逆转，且学生的阅读能力和测试成绩正在下滑。在此背景下，生成式 AI 的出现加剧了危机感——它能瞬间完成阅读摘要、代写论文甚至解答数学题。这种技术不仅引发了关于“作弊”的讨论，更让身为家长的 Klein 对未来感到迷茫：如果不知道未来经济和社会需要什么，当下的教育究竟该如何培养孩子？

[原文] [Speaker A]: Here's a statistic I've been thinking about recently: in 1976 about 40% of high school seniors had read six books or more for fun in the last year only about 11% hadn't read a single book for fun. Today those numbers are basically reversed about 40% haven't read a single book for fun. If you are looking for this you see it everywhere right now there are all these headlines about how kids are not reading the way they once did there are all these stories quoting professors even at Ivy League universities about the way in which when they try to assign the reading that they've been assigning their entire careers their students they just can't do it anymore. We're losing something we can see it on test scores that over the last decade we just see the number of kids reading at grade level slipping then of course the pandemic accelerated that so if you were simply asking how are the kids doing on some of these intellectual faculties that we once thought were the core of what education was trying to promote they're not doing well.

[译文] [Speaker A]: 我最近一直在思考一个统计数据：在1976年，大约40%的高中毕业生在过去一年里为了乐趣阅读了六本或更多的书，只有大约11%的人连一本书都没读过。而今天，这些数字基本上颠倒了：大约40%的人为了乐趣连一本书都没读过。如果你在关注这个问题，你会发现这种现象随处可见。现在到处都是关于孩子们不再像过去那样阅读的头条新闻；到处都是引用教授们故事的报道，甚至在常春藤盟校，当教授们试图布置他们职业生涯中一直布置的阅读作业时，他们的学生根本无法完成了。我们正在失去一些东西。我们可以在考试成绩上看到这一点，在过去的十年里，我们眼看着达到年级阅读水平的孩子数量在下滑，然后当然，疫情加速了这一进程。所以，如果你只是问，孩子们在我们曾经认为是教育试图促进的核心智力能力方面表现如何，答案是他们表现得并不好。

[原文] [Speaker A]: And then as if we summoned it as if we wrote it into the script here comes this technology generative AI that can do it for them. Imagine you could read any book in less than 30 seconds no matter how long it is that'll read the book and summarize it for you any style non-fiction book in 10 minutes that'll write the essay for you. GPT is going to do the bulk of the writing Copilot is good for factual information and GPTZero helps you not get caught. That'll do the math problem even shown its work for you and it doesn't matter if the question is typed out or handwritten it works on both. Yeah the future is crazy of course using it that way we call cheating but to them why wouldn't you if you have this technology that not only can but will be doing so much of this for you for us for the economy why are we doing any of this at all?

[译文] [Speaker A]: 然后，就好像是我们召唤了它，就好像是我们把它写进了剧本里一样，这项技术——生成式AI（Generative AI）——来了，它可以替他们做这些事。想象一下，你可以在不到30秒的时间内读完任何一本书，无论它有多长，它都会为你阅读并总结；任何风格的非虚构类书籍，只要10分钟，它就能为你写出文章。GPT将完成大部分的写作，Copilot擅长提供事实信息，而GPTZero则帮助你避免被抓包。它甚至能为你做数学题，并展示解题过程，无论题目是打印的还是手写的，它都能搞定。是的，未来是疯狂的。当然，那样使用它我们称之为作弊，但对他们来说，为什么不呢？如果你拥有这项不仅能够、而且将会为你、为我们、为经济做这么多事情的技术，我们为什么还要做这些事呢？

[原文] [Speaker A]: And this intersects with an anxiety I have as a parent of a 3 and a 6-year-old. I don't know what the economy what society is going to want from them in 16 or 20 years and if I don't know what it's going to want from them what it's going to reward in them how do I know how they should be educated how do I know if the education I am creating for them is doing a good job how do I know if I'm failing them? The purpose of education in schools is profoundly shaken to its core. My guest today is Rebecca Winthrop she's the director of the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institute her latest book co-authored with Jenny Anderson is The Disengaged Teen: Helping Kids Learn Better Feel Better and Live Better. Rebecca Winthrop welcome to the show.

[译文] [Speaker A]: 这与我作为一个3岁和6岁孩子的父亲所产生的焦虑交织在一起。我不知道16或20年后，经济和社会需要他们具备什么。如果我不知道社会需要他们什么、会奖励他们什么，我怎么知道他们应该接受怎样的教育？我怎么知道我为他们创造的教育是否有效？我怎么知道我是否辜负了他们？学校教育的目标在其核心层面上受到了深刻的动摇。今天的嘉宾是 Rebecca Winthrop，她是布鲁金斯学会（Brookings Institute）普及教育中心的主任。她与 Jenny Anderson 合著的最新书籍是《原本不参与的青少年：帮助孩子学得更好、感觉更好、活得更好》（The Disengaged Teen: Helping Kids Learn Better Feel Better and Live Better）。Rebecca Winthrop，欢迎来到节目。

[原文] [Speaker B]: Lovely to be here.

[译文] [Speaker B]: 很高兴来到这里。